Specifically, I am wondering about Strings. Is there a way to output a string to the player ingame, even if you don't necessarily know what the contents of that String is (like if a character uses a skill, what skill that is)?
The CharacterDisplayText and related functions don't work that well. The strings that are passed into that function are actually keys to a localization table, which determines what value is actually displayed (and if it's not there, prints nothing).