For 1: Mouse over Action Points in your inventory/character screen and you should see in detail how it's calculated (for max, starting and per turn AP) If you want to increase your starting AP specifically, you get 1 point of starting AP per 2 points in speed + perception, combined.
For 2:
Well, you're missing one key element in all this: Initiative.
Every character has an initiative rating and that's what determines who gets to act before whom. The Leadership skill helps immensely with that, having +5 initiative at levels 1,2 and +10 at 3,4 (and 5, I think).
I do agree with you that characters should start fights from their locations when the fight starts, not run back into formation.