In the cutscene where Lae'zel attempts to kill the player character for developing tadpole-related symptoms, I used deception to convince her that I'll kill her instead. She gave me her knife, and I went ahead and chose the option to kill her. Astarion got spooked and thought he's next, I guess, and attacked me, so I had to kill him as well.
Now, I have this skeleton in my camp who has the power to resurrect dead characters. He's completely ignoring the two corpses a few meters away and insists I don't need his help right now. I even pushed Lae'zel's corpse right next to him (call me weird). For some reason these deaths are permanent. There's no mention of a tadpole crawling away from their eyes, and no way to resurrect them. Apparently death is final when you kill someone to prevent them from changing into a mind flayer (that's what the characters think will happen, anyway). Actually, this might be because resurrection requires a willing soul, if I recall the lore correctly?
However, quite obviously, Larian can't allow the player let their partymembers die, wait for the tadpole to crawl out, and then resurrect them. Maybe there's even some explanation given later on for what happens to people infected with netherese-modified tadpole when they die.
If some goblin burned her to ashes with alchemist fire and the skeleton brought her back, apparently the tadpole would also be resurrected/recreated inside her brain? Maybe it's so deeptly connected to not only our brain but our soul as well that it's part of our essence? The only way of preventing the tadpole of doing whatever it is doing is to refuse to be resurrected? Who the hell knows. This all just feels quite weird, but I'm hoping it'll get resolved in a somewhat plausible way later on.