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And I certainly don't believe that wearing certain armour types makes you take MORE damage from different weapon types (e.g. extra 2 damage if hit by slashing weapons, but -1 from crushing)


Not "more" damage, but your resistance to that type of damage lowers. Getting hit by a mace when wearing a full plate armour will leave some bruises, but getting hit by the same mace while wearing a leather jacket might break a bone (or two).

The positives, like Kiya said, raise your resistance. The negatives lower the resistance (but if you have resistance 0, then it will not go to -1).