All of that verbose is merely telling you how much damage you did to a creature (or it did to you). The damage you deal is normally on the right, and the monster's on the left (or green when its low damage or it has missed).
After you killed the monster it will give you the amount of experience you gained for each party member.
And no you cant make it stay longer (sowwy) , but i must admit that it would be caos if it DID stay longer, especially when you do a spell that kill a couple of monsters around you (with more comming), i would rather see who is comming than have a gree and red cloud of damage and XP floating around my head.
You might also want to just get rid of it all (that way it wont bug you that you cant read it all fast enough by turning verbose off in the game settings.
