SOME INTERESTING FACTS ABOUT KIDNEY STONES

The largest known kidney stone weighed 1.36 kilograms.

The smallest kidney stones are microscopic crystals; it is possible to analyze stones weighing less than 0.1 mg.

Kidney stones come in virtually any color; most are yellow to brown.

The shape of the stone may tell something about how it was formed.

To date over 200 components have been found in calculi, however, the most common constituents of kidney stones are:

Calcium Oxalate Monohydrate (Whewellite) CaC2O4
Calcium Oxalate Dihydrate (Weddellite) CaC2O4-2H2O
Magnesium Ammonium Phosphate Hexahydrate (Struvite) MgNH4PO4-2H2O
Calcium Phosphate, Carbonate Form (Carbonate Apatite) Ca10(PO4-CO3OH)6(OH)2
Calcium Phosphate, Hydroxyl Form (Hydroxyl Apatite) Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2
Calcium Hydrogen Phosphate Dihydrate (Brushite) CaHPO4-2H2O
Uric Acid C5H4N4O3
Cystine (SCH2CH(NH2)-COOH)2
Sodium Acid Urate NaH-C5H2O3N4-H2O
Tricalcium Phosphate (Whitlockite) Ca3(PO4)2
Ammonium Acid Urate NH4H-C5H2O3N4-H2O
Magnesium Hydrogen Phosphate Trihydrate (Newberyite) MgHPO4-3H2O
Most stones are formed and excreted singly.

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