In the times past, Cameo's (that word i couldnt remember earlier) were commonly used as buttons, more often than as jewellery...
We here in Germany say "Gemme" for this, if I'm right, and the English word "gem" is a close relative, I think.
These "cameos" were made in ancient times by highly skilled people and are simply breathtaking, regarding how they managed to carve tiny pictures into these stones ...