Just items. I think there are no armor enchantments that add direct damage, and no magic damage charms. Weapon enchantments obviously aren't an option, so you can only increase it from jewellery.
But really, there's not much point in trying to go for high magic damage on an unarmed character. Unarmed by its nature does normal, Strength-based damage. You can get magic damage on jewellery, but that same jewellery can also get Melee-damage based damage, which will have a much stronger impact than the same amount of Magic damage.
That's annoying. But why would melee damage have a stronger impact that magic damage? It's both damage isn't it? And I would think having some magic based damage for an unarmed character would be good to have in case you fight against enemies with good melee resistance. Plus the magic damage increase applies to magic attacks/spells also doesn't it? A benefit you don't get with extra melee damage.
Also if you can get a decent amount of magic damage on unarmed then I would think way of the battlemage would end up being even more handy.
What is the highest + stat to damage you can get on jewelry anyway? I'm reloading on beating that killer bunny as it drops by far the best items I've come across so far in the game. The best I've seen so far is a +8 magic/melee damage on jewelry.