Did a quick check at level 1. 5, 6, 8, 10 constitution give +52, 62, 83, 107 vitality, respectively.
It looks like constitution gives slightly quadratic vitality at a given level.
Based on my first run-through, it seems that the vitality per constitution ALSO increases per level and also slightly quadratically. After this, add flat bonuses then a multiplicative effect for talents/difficulty.
My guess is a formula something like this (uppercase are constants, X is level, Y is constitution):
HP = {[(aX + bX^2)*(cY + dY^2)] + flat bonuses} * {talents +/- difficulty modifiers}