Welp, this worked:
  • Deleted the My Documents folder with profile info.
  • Steam-uninstalled the game.
  • Renamed the SteamApps folder with the remaining customized and mod files to make it install to a new folder.
  • Re-installed.
So now I'm back in.

If I break it again while reloading in the custom and mod files back over, and I can tell what broke it, I'll let you know. Will be backing up the clean install first, believe you me.

Still have no idea why it broke in the middle of ... nothing changing, but computers are awesome-predictable like that.

Thanks for the many suggestions.