Just checking: you are starting DOSEE from steam big picture mode with overlay enabled? Because you need steam big picture mode in overlay mode as a "driver". Else the controller will send KB/M.
And just checking: does gamepad mode work on any other game?
There are a few problems one encounters:
To translate controller to gamepad, big picture needs to create a virtual joystick using uinput. It needs the right to do that.
To read the controller, it needs to have raw access to the controller usb device node. Else it would always be a KB/M.
DOSEE worked for me out-of-the-box in gamepad mode. But Eurotrucker 2 ignores the steam big picture mode translation, and I get a nice clean KB/M and "no you don't have a controller, I really double checked". (Gyro mode would be so cool on eurotrucker 2 ;-) ).
I am running debian/jessie @ 64 bit myself.