So, crippling strike is more or less balanced now.

Rage I would say is still OP as long as you can 1 turn enemies with it. If higher difficulties have much higher health for mobs maybe it would be not as OP there.

Battering ram is still way too good for 1 AP. Should be 2 AP imo.

1h did become bit better with magic def on shields, but x2 skill damage of 2h is still unchallenged.
I don't see a way of making it balanced without altering AP costs or bringing 1h and 2h closer together.

E.g. Make 2h do only 30-50% more damage than 1h and reduce autoattack cost for 2h to 1. This way you're trading extra HP from shield for 30-50% damage buff. I'd say 50% would be ok for starters. (offhand damage is also reduced to 50%). Not sure how open Larian is to such serious changes, but the current system is inherently unbalanced.

Warlord needs to be capped at 1/turn. 2 extra AP per turn is still super powerful. Currently it's way too good for any kind of damage dealer.