I finally got it working. It turns out somehow my shared.pak file got corrupted... after deleting it and reinstalling it, everything is working.

I've gone ahead and modified the values I wanted to modify (properties.lsx, plus each file in the ClassPresets, CompanionPresets and HenchmanPresets folders) and now I need to figure out the next step: how do I finish this thing?

Ideally I want to end up with a mod I can upload to the Steam Workshop or Nexus. Since the "Free Pet Pal" mod is a similar modification of the class presets, and it's in both, this *should* be possible to do. Only... I have no idea where to start.