Do you have the same problem if you start the Classic version of the game?
If Classic is fine, someone reported this issue in
a Steam discussion a couple months ago, which (in a couple of cases, but not for the OP) could be fixed by disabling the hardware accelerated GPU-scheduling option in the graphics drivers.
If you switch the game to run on the integrated graphics, is the performance comparable between Classic and the Definitive Edition?
Integrated graphics are not officially supported, but the HD Graphics 630 has hardware support for DirectX 11, so should be able to run the game.
Also try resetting your graphics driver's 3D settings to default.
Try doing a clean boot and then test the game. Click Start, or hit WinKey-R, type in msconfig and hit enter; in the General tab, click Selective Startup, uncheck Load startup items (if required) and leave Load system services and Use original boot configuration options checked. Next, click on the Services tab, check the box to Hide all Microsoft services, then click the Disable All button (maybe make a note of which are currently enabled/disabled), then click OK and reboot the computer.
Run msconfig again to switch back to the normal boot configuration.
Try a clean re-install of the nvidia graphics drivers. See
here or
here, for example.