I play the original Deus Ex again and I still think that this game has the best exp system ever.
You get exp for solving quest objectives and exploring the environment.
You do not get exp for using skills or killing enemies.
For example you get exp when entering a secret room.
It does not matter how you get there. Did you beat an enemy to get his key, did you pick the lock, did you hack the security computer or did you blow up the door?
The reward is the same as long as you manage to get into the room somehow.
This creates freedom for the player to solve the situation however you like.
Games that give exp for killing enemies encourage players to kill everything even if it makes no sense, like when you already sneaked past them or you convinced them to let you pass.
Even without exp, killing enemies can still have the advantage to get items, either because they have them or they guard the area.
Its your choice if you want to kill a bandit for a rusty dagger if you are already overloaded with gold bars.
Deus Ex was also good in term of reactivity.
NPC reacted different depending on you shooting everyone or you reached your goal without killing anyone. It feels good, even if it does not impact the reward or how the story continues.

Prof. Dr. Dr. Mad S. Tist

World leading expert of artificial stupidity.
Because there are too many people who work on artificial intelligence already