5e does not have any penalty for casting with armor.
BUT casters generally are not proficient. (you must be proficient with the type of armor to cast with an armor)
Example : a Mountain Dwarf (5e PHB) can wear medium armor and be a Wizard, with no penalty.
nb : it is not as powerful as it sounds (around 16 AC if you have Dex 14), though sweet. The spell Mage Armor gives as much armor, but it does cost you a spell slot. If you have Dex 16+, Mage Armor will be better.
Last edited by Baraz; 12/10/20 06:33 PM.