Each spell can be cast at its own spell level or any higher spell level.
Some spells have a bigger effect if you cast them at a higher spell level.
I think Witch Bolt is a lv 1 spell that causes 1d12 damage.
If you cast it as lv2 spell it causes 2d12 damage.
At higher level usually damage spells cause more damage, healing spells cause more healing and you can give status effects to stronger enemies ( sleep, color spray )
Many spells do not have a different effect at higher levels, usually some buffs and debuffs.
Some spells require concentration.
You can use only use one concentration spell at a time. When you take damage you must make a constitution saving throw. The difficulty depends on the damage taken and if you fail your concentration and the spell effect ends.
Some spells allow you to do something every round or you can use the effect again. When you cast such a spell a new icon shows up that allows you to use the spell effect again.
Yes, the UI needs some updates. It a big mess at the moment, especially for spells.

Prof. Dr. Dr. Mad S. Tist

World leading expert of artificial stupidity.
Because there are too many people who work on artificial intelligence already