The talent effects are in fact hardcoded in the game engine. There is no way to modify them through data. The only thing you can do react in script when a talent gets added and apply additional modifications (like changing attribute points, or adding a skill). It is not possible to prevent a talent's effects from being applied at all though.

You can find the list of talents at https://docs.larian.game/Talent_list, and the event to react to a talent being added to a character at https://docs.larian.game/Osiris/API/CharacterUnlockedTalent .