The concept of only being allowed to roll in things that you are proficient with is something that 5e does, too. Or at least most DMs and modules have some of those. Arcana, like you said, is the prime example. Its not something everyone can do. But other things could work as well. This gives skill proficiency more meaning instead of just rolling a little better.
I also think BG3 already does this at least with Arcana at a few points in the game.
