1- COMBATS - I suggest modifications to 1.5 (charge action) and 1.10 (weapon actions)
1.5 A charge action should be implemented
1.10 Weapons attack should be reworked.
A "charge" action should only be a weapon ability, not a generic ability. Which I think it already is with the spear...? But it should still provoke Attack of Opportunities, possibly at advantage. Don't give out free disengage.
I agree that weapon abilities should not be limited usage and importantly should have significant drawbacks. I disagree with all of your examples except for Weakening and Hamstring. Topple and Flourish should just be the Shove Prone and Help action respectively, and Pommel Strike is OP and steps on the toes of the monk class. Don't mess with the (enemy) action economy.
Cleave is okay, but only if Larian implements other sources of exhaustion in BG3 (e.g., adventuring for too long without resting) but also discourages frequent long resting. Otherwise it's a fairly weak penalty. I suggest that all of the cleave attacks are made at disadvantage.
3 - SURFACE - I emphasize 3.6 (deal direct damage to single target OR creature surface, never both)..
Being able to target a creature for direct damage or the ground for more widespread, but less damage is the best of both worlds. The most important aspects are:
- There should never be guaranteed damage from these types of spells (that RAW do no damage on a miss). If you target a character, a miss does 0 damage. If you target the ground, characters should get a ST to entirely avoid surface damage.
- There should rarely be multiple instances of damage (except for specific spells like Magic Missile and Acid Arrow)
6- RESTING - I emphasize 6.1 (short rest improvement) and 6.5 (Camp should have a physical location)
6.1 Short rest improvement. I strongly agree that short rests should be more than the click of a button. Certain cutscenes/companion dialogue should be available during short rests, and you should be able to choose what resources to regain (hit dice, arcane recovery, etc)
6.5 Temporal rift - camps should be somewhere - yes
10- COMPANIONS - I disagree with 10.1 (Gale & magical items). It's fine for Gale to eat a
few magical items; we are given many. But we should have a choice in what items to feed him. I.e., he shouldn't ask for a specific item, and if we don't feed him that one he (spoiler). We should be able to say "No" and he'll ask for a different one.
11- SNEAKING / HIDING - I emphasize 11.1 (hearing radius in addition to sight cone)
12- MISC - I disagree with 12.3 (Sneak Attack should be automatic). It should be a toggle.
Edit: I'll again say that this is a great summary and compilation of issues. Thanks Maximuuus!