Actually it does,DD5 has a limit on certain magical items, and how many you can have attuned, if you dont know about the magic, you cant attune to it and benefit from it... as far as i know ?
BG3 doesn't currently enable attuning magical items, and I'm not aware of any items whose actual properties change based on what you know about them, as @MelivySilverRoot says the example I gave just gives you some more lore not any benefits using the item (thanks for clarifying that point, Melivy!). Which is I guess consistent with BG1 & BG2 where you could still use the items and get their effects without identifying them ... it might just be a possibly unpleasant surprise to find out what they did!
But yes I believe 5e does have more stuff around identification and attunement. I think Solasta uses this mechanic, but I don't know more about it than that or whether there's been any talk of implementing it in BG3. I'm sure others on this forum will

In my opinion it just doesn't make sense AT ALL that a weapon has better properties if your character suceed a check.
As Melivy clarified, the Sharran crossbow isn't an example of this and I certainly am not advocating for it being implemented in the game either! But I do agree there is an argument that you might need to understand the magic of an item you're wielding in order to channel it, and perhaps it could make sense in certain scenarios.