Only Rangers, Fighters, and Paladins have access to Fighting Styles. Though the Fighter has access to all Fighting Styles, whereas Paladins and Rangers have access to a only a subset. Fighter also have access to more feats than other classes, though the Rogue gets one extra feat. Not to mention, only Fighters have access to Extra Attack(2) and Extra Attack(3). Of course, hitting with a weapon is determined, fundamentally, by proficiency and one's stat modifier with said weapon, yes. Though I couldn't imagine that the casters would be able to focus Strength or Dexterity like the fighting classes can, they have other attributes to worry about.
Tasha's Cauldron of Everything, one of the expansion books, did allow one to trade a feat for a Fighting Style though. We've no confirmation that anything from the expansion books will be added to the game, of course.
Okay, makes sense I suppose. I'm a little hazy on how the feats and fighting styles are unlocked and when/how. There seems to be minimal documentation for BG3, maybe I should just pull out a 5e handbook instead?
So, given what you said, the difference between, say, a fighter/ranger and another class would be the following, using a bow as an example:
-Fighter more likely to have higher DEX and attack/dmg bonuses from it
-Fighter can choose Archery fighting style (only 1 fighting style can be chosen, correct?) This provides +2 to bows
-Fighter can attack more times per round
-Fighter can get more feats, but would any help with any of this? I need to find an active feats list for BG3 as well as when/how they are unlocked...
So, in a bubble, a wizard with equal STR or DEX of a fighter, would be just as adequate with a single attack of a given weapon as a fighter? The main difference is just the ability to attack more often? I guess that is good enough, it is just very different than the system I am used to.
If I made a sorcerer with 18 STR. I would be just as good with a longsword as a fighter, but the fighter can attack more often? Is that what this boils down to?