Speaking of long- and other bows, is point-blank shot and the penalty for using a bow at short range still a thing?
Kind of.
In 5e RAW, shooting through a creature gives it a +2 AC bonus, but Cover isn't implemented in BG3.
In 5e, shooting a ranged weapon while within melee range of an enemy gives that attack Disadvantage to hit. This is implemented in BG3.
In 5e, there is the Sharpshooter Feat which allows one to ignore cover, shoot from long range without disadvantage, and take a -5 penalty to hit in exchange for +10 damage on ranged attacks. In BG3, the middle and latter should be useful.
In 5e, there's also the Crossbow Expert Feat which, among other things, allows one to shoot while in melee without imposing Disadvantage.
We don't know(?) exactly how these 2 feats will be implemented in 5e.
