Most of them are just damage boosts. I think the others are:

Frost - Freezes the enemy for a while.
Life Drain - Gives you health on a successful strike.
Mana Drain - Gives you mana on a successful strike.
Deathblow - Kills the enemy.

All of these, along with the damages, have a percentage chance of happening based on the level (out of 5).

Welcome! Yay for another Aussie!