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Rafaël seems quite a powerful devil, so I wonder what his fate is after we kill him. I don't think devils have souls, so is he annihilated into nothingness ? Or would he reincarnate as some kind of larvae or imp or his spirit enslaved by another devil lord ?
Just wondering if this is in D&D lore. I'm curious what becomes of this arrogant pr*ck after he was snuffed out.

You can convince the devil trapped in the Gauntlet to kill himself by stating that he will reincarnate back in hell and he tells you that if that doesn't work he will come back to hunt you.

So at least in BG3 the devils as least think they will reincarnate.

Devils, or really any planar creature, slain outside of their home plane are returned to their plane of origin. In the case of summoning, they return intact, unharmed and likely rather annoyed at the mortal who wasted their time - Which could have been a few minutes of combat or hundreds of years bound guarding a room.
If the planar being in question was NOT summoned and had freely travelled to non-native location, be it by portals, plane-shift spells or other similar means, they're in for a bit of a rougher time.
Some planar entities have to reconstitute themselves, which can be a timely and painful process unless they've got contingencies in place. Others can be reduced to the lowest form of their particular planar subtype, like Lemures and Nupperibos and need to re-ascend their particular hierarchies.
Now, if they're slain on their home plane - That's it. Death. Oblivion. The End. Roll Credits.

Rafael, however, is *not* a devil.
Well, not a full devil.
While he is the son of Mephistopheles, he's considered a Cambion, which is a half-fiend. That little tidbit lets him skirt the rules when it comes to his death should you elect to kill him in the House of Hope. Strictly because he's a cambion and NOT a devil, his soul goes to Baator/Hell, which is where Daddy-Dearest comes into play.
Mephistopheles makes a point in acquiring Rafael's soul and subjecting him diabolical torment for his many betrayals, which you can get a glimpse of in the scrying orb at the Diabolist's shop after returning from the House of Hope.

So regardless of where he is killed - Hell or Faerun, his soul or essence is going back to hell and, outside of special interest from greater powers - Mephistopheles, in this case - he'd likely be a Lemure or Larvae at best.

I know Wyll said Raf was a Cambion when we met, and that "the devil you do know" applauded in response, but in CH3, I began to think that he was leading us on and he was a much more powerful devil than he wanted us to believe. After all he wants the crown to become Archdevil of all hell. Could a cambion ever aspire to such a high goal ?
And all the souls and ghosts in his house, plus Hope herself. It seemed much more than a mere cambion could realize.

1. He's the son of one of the Arch Dukes of hell and this could explain his power

2. Cambions have an ambiguous place in Hell's hierarchy. Devils have soul quotas they have to meet and every devil knows it's place, knows how many souls it has to deliver to its superiors etc. Cambions don't have a place in Hell's flow chart and the have no soul debt to pay. Raphael might have been been able to exploit his ambiguous position by trading souls for the riches of the house of hope.

I found a save, taken right after coming back from the House of Hope, and so I looked into the crystal ball to see Raf's fate. It totally escaped me in the playthrough.
Too bad the game doesn't draw more attention to this. Thanks for the hint.

Pretty sure he'll be enslaved, He's only Half Devil, which genetically speaking is just one generation above Tieflings, the child of a Cambion and a Human would result a Tiefling, and the Hells treat them pretty badly, however considerering who Raphael's dad is, he's treated better than most Cambions, if he dies it probably be like a ransom situation.