I've now encountered this bug multiple times in different areas of the game, so I can't really figure out whats causing or triggering it.
Sometimes, all objects like crates, chests etc. take damage and break when I run past or just barely touch them. This also applies to companions, and, whats worse, even to Scratch the boi. In the process I also take damage. Reloading the save ususally solves the problem.