Eh. I think they're "everywhere" because in my experience people love to play them. Whether they are "everywhere" in the world is setting-dependent. Including them as a PHB race was just giving people what they want.
The Aasimar are in the DM book as a playable option.
There is prototype Aasimar in the DMG given as an example of how the DM can add races. There is a fully developed Aasimar, with three subraces, in Volo's Guide to Monsters.