I guess for now we just need to wait for a mod that either makes stealing more difficult or that can cause some sort of negative effect for doing it?

I notice whenever you steal it tells you whom you stole it from, maybe something could be done from that, although unlikely.

Maybe someone could eventually mod it so the pickpocket skill becomes tied in some way to stealing?
Maybe if you succeed you get the item, if you fail the owner of the item will somehow magically know it was you and drop their attitude of you by 5. Eventually calling the guards on you the moment they see you. Something like this probably isn't possible anytime soon though.