Also, you don’t seem to understand how proficiencies work. The soldier background gives skill proficiencies in athletics and intimidation, but does not give any weapon proficiencies. A rogue using a Warhammer will not get to use their proficiency bonus when attacking.

Specific weapon proficiencies are gone, but in 2nd edition D&D, weapon proficiency was pretty much the only thing fighters could choose to make themselves distinct from one another. In 5th edition ever class is making some sort of choice every time they level up, allowing for far more variety than the rigidity if 2E ever could.